| Wisdom | The gift of wisdom perfects a person's speculative reason in matters of judgment about the truth, Aquinas writes. |
| Knowledge |
The gift of knowledge perfects a person's practical reason in matters of judgment about the truth, Aquinas writes. |
| Counsel | Also called "Right Judgment." The gift of counsel perfects a person's practical reason in the apprehension of truth and allows the person to respond prudently, "moved through the research of reason," Aquinas writes. |
| Fortitude | Also called "Courage." The gift of fortitude allows people the "firmness of mind [that] is required both in doing good and in enduring evil, especially with regard to goods or evils that are difficult," Aquinas writes. |
| Understanding |
Also called "Common Sense." The gift of understanding perfects a person's speculative reason in the apprehension of truth. It is the gift "whereby self-evident principles are known," Aquinas writes. |
| Piety | Piety is the gift "whereby, at the Holy Spirit's instigation, we pay worship and duty to God as our Father," Aquinas writes. |
| Fear of the Lord | Also called "Wonder and Awe in God." This gift is described by Aquinas as a fear of separating oneself from God. He describes the gift as a "filial fear," like a child's fear of offending his father, rather than a "servile fear," that is, a fear of punishment. |
